State of Transplantation in the Republic Of Uzbekistan: Existing Problems of Donation.

Organ traTransplantation is one of the most successful achievements in modern medicine. For patients with end-stage chronic renal failure, transplantation undeniably improves their quality of life. The purpose of the study was to discuss the latest scientific data on the state of kidney transplantation in the world and to give an idea of the advantages, opportunities, and problems of kidney transplantation in the world and in the Republic of Uzbekistan. Transplantation in Uzbekistan developed in 5 stages. Stage I (1972-1991) began with the first kidney transplant in Uzbekistan on September 14, 1972, on the basis of the legislation on organ and tissue transplantation of 1970. Stage II (1991-1998) represented a break in the field of transplantation due to its prohibition by law. Stage III (1998-2017) comprised a series of 48 kidney transplants from living related donors on the basis of an order of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Uzbekistan. Stage IV (2017-2022) comprised a series of 849 kidney transplants and 22 liver transplants from living related donors on the basis of Cabinet of Ministers Resolution No. 859 of October 17, 2017. Stage V began on May 11, 2022, with the adoption of the a new of the Republic of Uzbekistan, On Transplantation of Human Organs and Tissues. According to this new law, the objects of transplantation can be human organs and (or) tissues taken from either a living donor or a deceased donor. This law will expand the range of donors for patients in need. Transplantology is a sphere of life activity that can no longer be ignored; therefore, it is necessary to develop and implement humanistic principles on the basis of which it will be regulated.

Frequency of Complications After Kidney Transplant in the Early Postoperative Period.

OBJECTIVES: Complications after kidney transplant can be divided into surgical and nonsurgical. Our study investigated the incidence of postoperative complications and types of complications in a single center. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the occurrence of postoperative complications in 220 patients who underwent kidney transplantation at the Republican Scientific Center for Emergency Medical Care (Tashkent, Republic of Uzbekistan) from January 2019 to October 2022. RESULTS: Among the 220 patients, various types of complications were observed in 42 cases (19.1%). Of these, 31 patients (73.8%) had surgical complications and 11 patients (26.2%) had nonsurgical complications. Surgical complications included hematoma of the postoperative wound in 8 patients (19.2%), thrombosis of the graft artery in 1 patient (2.4%), thrombosis of the venous anastomosis in 1 patient (2.4%), lymphocele of the postoperative wound in 7 patients (16.6%), wound infections 4 patients (9.5%), bleeding from the arterial anastomosis 2 patients (4.7%), bleeding from the venous anastomosis 1 patient (2.4%), kink of the venous anastomosis in 3 patients (7.2%), postoperative hernia in 2 patients (4.7%), and urological complications in the form of ureteral necrosis in 2 patients (4.7%). Nonsurgical complications included hyperacute rejection, which led to the removal of the graft, in 2 patients (4.8%), acute cellular rejection of the graft, which was successfully treated with methylprednisolone pulse therapy, in 4 patients (9.5%), delayed graft function in 1 patients (2.4%) case, and posttransplant diabetes mellitus in 4 patients (9.5%). CONCLUSIONS: Despite the frequency of postoperative complications, timely assistance and further monitoring of patients can lead to normal functioning of the kidney transplant, except for cases of hyperacute rejection.